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Whether you’re new to RVing or considering upgrading from a 30-amp to a 50-amp RV, it’s important to understand the technical differences between these RV electrical systems. This knowledge will help you make an informed decision about which system to choose and how to effectively utilize and protect electricity in your RV.
Understanding the Difference Between 30 and 50-Amp Service For Your RV & Camper
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Understanding Electrical Terminology – 30 amp to 50 amp RV service
Before we delve into the differences between 30 and 50-amp service, let’s familiarize ourselves with some key electrical terminologies:
- Amperes (current): The amount of current flow or quantity of electrons that flows through a conductor.
- Wattage (watts): A measure of electrical power, equal to one ampere under the pressure of one volt.
- Voltage (volts): The electrical pressure or difference felt between two points in a circuit, which causes electrons to flow.
- Resistance (ohms): The opposition to electrical movement. Less resistance allows for more electron flow, while more resistance reduces electron flow.
- Hot Wire: Carries the current from the power source to the outlet.
- Neutral Wire: Carries used electricity from the load back to the power source.
- Ground Wire: A safety measure that provides a lower resistance pathway to ground, reducing the risk of electrical shock.
What is 30-Amp versus 50-Amp RV Service?
The amp service of your RV, whether 30 amp or 50 amp, indicates the maximum current flow your RV is designed to handle. Exceeding this current flow will result in a tripped breaker or blown fuse. A 30-amp RV is built to consume up to 30 amps of current flow, while a 50-amp RV is built to consume up to 50 amps.
The Key Differences: 30-Amp versus 50-Amp RV service
Here are the major ways in which 30 and 50-amp RV electrical systems differ:
- The Plugs:
- 30 amp service requires a three-pronged plug consisting of a 120-volt hot wire, a neutral wire, and a ground wire.
- 50 amp service requires a four-pronged plug, including two 120-volt hot wires, a neutral wire, and a ground wire.
- The Maximum Wattage:
- 30 amp service supplies up to 3,600 watts of power.
- 50 amp service provides up to 12,000 watts of power.
- The Number of Outlets:
- 30 amp RVs generally have fewer outlets compared to 50 amp RVs.
- The Breaker Panel:
- 30 amp RVs have a single row of breakers.
- 50 amp RVs have a split breaker panel, allowing heavy amp draw components to be divided between the two sides of the panel.
Average Amp Draw of Key RV Appliances – 30 amp / 50 amp
It’s crucial to understand the average amp draw of your RV appliances, both large and small. Avoid powering on all appliances simultaneously, as this can overload circuits and cause breakers to trip or fuses to blow. Here are the average amp draws for major RV appliances:
- Air Conditioner: ~15 amps
- Electric Heating Element for Water Heater: ~10 amps
- Microwave: ~10 amps
- Refrigerator: ~5 amps
Other appliances that draw amperage include televisions, space heaters, coffee makers, electric fireplaces, hair dryers, onboard converters, and more. Appliances with heating elements consume large amounts of power and may require shutting off other devices to operate safely.
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30-Amp versus 50-Amp RV Service and Generator Use
If your RV has an onboard generator or you’re using a portable generator, it’s essential to consider its amperage rating. When running RV appliances on a generator, you may not be able to consume the same amperage as when connected to a power pedestal. For example, a 50 amp RV with a 5,500-watt generator can supply up to 45.83 amps (5500 watts / 120 volts = 45.83 amps). Understanding this is crucial for boondocking or running your generator between campground stays.
30-Amp versus 50-Amp RV Electrical Adapters
It’s worth noting that compatible electrical adapters exist to connect a 30 amp RV to a 50 amp pedestal and vice versa. However, there are limitations to consider:
- A 30 amp RV connected to a 50 amp plug using an adapter will not receive more than the 3,600 watts it’s designed for.
- A 50 amp RV using an adapter to connect to a 30 amp service will be limited to 3,600 watts.
30-Amp versus 50-Amp RV Surge Protectors
Regardless of whether your RV has 30 or 50 amp service, it’s important to use a surge protector designed for the specific level of service. A surge protector safeguards your RV’s electrical system and appliances from damage caused by electrical surges.
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